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The Evidence

Page 02

Protein on a vegan diet

The 'where do you get your protein' question, answered from a dietitians' position paper.

This is a summary of the cited evidence, not medical advice.

  • Academy on complete proteins Not needed per meal
  • Key idea Variety across the day
  • Source Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

The amino-acid question, answered

The worry behind the protein question is really about amino acids: can plants supply all the ones the body cannot make? The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics answers it in one sentence.

Primary source 01 / 03

Protein from a variety of plant foods, eaten during the course of a day, supplies enough of all indispensable (essential) amino acids when caloric requirements are met.

Melina, Craig, and Levin Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets, 2016

The old rule about carefully combining rice and beans at the same meal is gone. What matters is variety and enough total food. The Academy also puts the popular 'complete protein' language where it belongs.

Primary source 02 / 03

The terms complete and incomplete are misleading in relation to plant protein.

Melina, Craig, and Levin Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets, 2016

Even for athletes

The obvious follow-up is whether this holds when demand is high. The position paper covers that too.

Primary source 03 / 03

Protein needs at all ages, including those for athletes, are well achieved by balanced vegetarian diets.

Melina, Craig, and Levin Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets, 2016

Legumes, soy foods, grains, nuts, and seeds do the work. Eat a range of them and eat enough. That is the entire protocol.

Frequently asked

Do vegans need to combine proteins at each meal?

No. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics states that protein from a variety of plant foods eaten during the course of a day supplies enough of all indispensable amino acids when caloric requirements are met. Combining foods within a single meal is not required.

Is plant protein 'incomplete'?

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics calls the terms complete and incomplete misleading in relation to plant protein. A varied plant diet with adequate calories supplies all essential amino acids.

The bookshelf

Read further

Paid links. If you buy a book through these links, Bookshop.org pays us a small commission and sends a share of the sale to independent bookstores.

  1. Nutrition

    Becoming Vegan (opens Bookshop.org)

    Brenda Davis and Vesanto Melina · 2014

    Registered dietitians Brenda Davis and Vesanto Melina cover every nutrient, life stage and food group in an edition that reads like a reference.

  2. Nutrition

    Plant-Based Sports Nutrition (opens Bookshop.org)

    Enette Larson-Meyer and Matt Ruscigno · 2019

    Enette Larson-Meyer and Matt Ruscigno, both registered dietitians, cover protein, iron and energy needs for athletes eating plants.

The primary sources

The documents this page quotes. Read them yourself.

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