meta-analysis authors

“Vegetarian diets compared to non-vegetarian diets are associated with reduced risk of total cancer and seven specific cancer types, while vegan diets are associated with reduced risk of total and breast cancer.”

the meta-analysis authors

The pooled evidence comes from prospective observational cohorts, graded "probable" by World Cancer Research Fund criteria for total, colorectal, colon and breast cancer, not randomized trials.

In the brief: Meta-analysis ties vegetarian and vegan diets to lower cancer risk across sites → (plant-based diet[tiab] OR vegan diet[tiab] OR vegans[tiab]) AND →

“Vegetarian diets compared to non-vegetarian diets are associated with reduced risk of total cancer and seven specific cancer types, while vegan diets are associated with reduced risk of total and breast cancer”

systematic review and meta-analysis, European Journal of Epidemiology

Pooled from seven prospective cohort studies; the authors' own WCRF-based grading calls the vegan-specific finding only "limited-suggestive," weaker than the vegetarian data.

In the brief: Vegan Diets Cut Total Cancer Risk 23% in Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies → (plant-based diet[tiab] OR vegan diet[tiab] OR vegans[tiab]) AND →

“vegan diets are associated with reduced risk of total and breast cancer”

A systematic review of prospective cohort studies, though the authors themselves grade the vegan-specific evidence only "limited-suggestive," since it rests on just 3-4 cohorts.

In the brief: Meta-Analysis of 30 Studies Finds Vegan and Vegetarian Diets Cut Cancer Risk → (plant-based diet[tiab] OR vegan diet[tiab] OR vegans[tiab]) AND →

“Vegetarian diets compared to non-vegetarian diets are associated with reduced risk of total cancer and seven specific cancer types, while vegan diets are associated with reduced risk of total and breast cancer”

systematic review and meta-analysis, European Journal of Epidemiology

Pooled from 17 prospective cohort and case-control studies; observational data showing association, with WCRF criteria used to grade causal likelihood as "probable" for the strongest links.

In the brief: Meta-Analysis Finds Vegan Diets Cut Total Cancer Risk 23 Percent → (plant-based diet[tiab] OR vegan diet[tiab] OR vegans[tiab]) AND →

“higher uPDI was associated with 3% higher breast cancer risk”

Consistent direction across cohort and case-control studies; modest effect size.

In the brief: Two Cancer Meta-analyses in One Day → (plant-based diet[tiab] OR vegan diet[tiab] OR vegans[tiab]) AND →

“The summary RRs for vegans vs. non-vegetarians was 0.77 (0.70-0.85, I2 = 0%, n = 3) for total cancer incidence”

Three prospective studies, zero heterogeneity; World Cancer Research Fund evidence grade rated "limited-suggestive," one tier below probable.

In the brief: Two Cancer Meta-analyses in One Day → (plant-based diet[tiab] OR vegan diet[tiab] OR vegans[tiab]) AND →